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Organ models, which are cultivated in the laboratory from human stem cells and grow into living tissue, are one of the most important scientific breakthroughs of recent years. Scientists, patients and the wider public have high hopes for this emerging field of research, as so-called "organoids" have a huge potential in terms of research and modern medicine . In-vitro organ models allow complex organ development studies and pathogenetic analyses to be carried out directly in human tissue. New substances and therapies can be tested on human material much more quickly using this technology. Regenerative medical practice could conceivably cultivate the required tissue in the laboratory from the cells of a patient and, lessen dependency on organ donations. The use of organoids could also significantly reduce the need for animal experiments, although biologists believe these cannot be completely eliminated in the foreseeable future. Organoids -- high hopes an d bioethical dilem...

A recent study, affiliated with UNIST has developed a new method of repairing injured bone using stem cells from human bone marrow and a carbon material with photocatalytic properties, which could lead to powerful treatments for skeletal system injuries, such as fractures or periodontal disease. This research has been jointly conducted by Professor Youngkyo Seo of Life Sciences and Dr. Jitendra N. Tiwari of Chemistry in collaboration with Professor Kwang S. Kim of Natural Science, Professor Pann-Ghill Suh of Life Sciences, and seven other researchers from UNIST. In the study, the research team reported that red-light absorbing carbon nitride (C₃N₄) sheets lead to remarkable proliferation and osteogenic differentiation by runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx2) activation, a key transcription factor associated with osteoblast differentiation. The results of the study has been published in the January issue of ACS Nano journal. The reserach team expects that this research br...

Neuron cell (inventory picture). Credit score: © whitehoune / Fotolia At the moment, a stroke often results in everlasting incapacity -- however sooner or later, the stroke-injured mind could possibly be reparable by changing lifeless cells with new, wholesome neurons, utilizing transplantation. Researchers at Lund College in Sweden have taken a step in that route by displaying that some neurons transplanted into the brains of stroke-injured rats have been integrated and responded accurately when the rat's muzzle and paws have been touched. The examine, revealed within the journal  Mind , used human pores and skin cells. These cells have been re-programmed to the stem cell stage after which matured into the kind of neurons usually discovered within the cerebral cortex. A few years in the past, the analysis workforce on the Stem Cell Centre in Lund had already confirmed that transplanting this kind of cells ...

Acute megakaryoblastic leukemia (AMKL) is a uncommon most cancers of megakaryocytes, blood cells that produce the platelets that assist blood clot. Credit score: St. Jude Kids's Analysis Hospital / Tina Motroni Analysis led by St. Jude Kids's Analysis Hospital has recognized three genetic alterations to assist establish high-risk pediatric sufferers with acute megakaryoblastic leukemia (AMKL) who might profit from allogeneic stem cell transplants. The examine, which seems as we speak within the scientific journal  Nature Genetics , is the most important but utilizing next-generation sequencing expertise to outline the genetic missteps that drive AMKL in kids with out Down syndrome. AMKL is a most cancers of megakaryocytes, that are blood cells that produce the platelets that assist blood clot. The genetic foundation of AMKL in kids with Down syndrome was beforehand recognized, however the trigger was unkn...

o develop improved therapies for glioblastoma , more knowledge is needed about how the cell of origin affects the characteristics of the cancer cells. Such studies must initially be performed in mice since it is not possible to identify the cell of origin in patient material. In the present study the researchers used several clinically relevant glioblastoma models in mice and found that tumors that originated from immature neural stem cells developed faster than tumors that originated from more differentiated glial cells. "We discovered that several important characteristics of the cancer cells could be linked to the tumor's cell of origin. Immature neural stem cells gave rise to glioblastomas that grew faster and were more malignant than those that originated from glial cells. tumors from neural stem cells also contained more glioblastoma stem cells, cells that are believed to give rise to tumor recurrence after therapy," says Lene Uhrbom, senior lecturer at the Depa...

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small genetic molecules that play an essential role in regulating many aspects of cancer cell behavior. When they performed a screening of the miRNA library, Dr. Tang and colleagues found that, surprisingly, only a few miRNA s are commonly deficient or not expressed in prostate cancer stem cells. The team found that one specific miRNA molecule, miR-141, not only inhibited tumor growth but significantly retarded cancer metastasis in several preclinical prostate cancer models. Taken together with the findings from previous studies reporting the molecule's powerful tumor-suppression capability, the current study demonstrates the potential of miR-141 as an inhibitor of prostate cancer cell invasion and metastasis , and suggests that synthetic miR-141 may be developed as a "replacement" therapeutic to target prostate cancer metastasis. "This study represents the most comprehensive investigation to date of the role of the miR-141 molecule in...